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Comparing Natural Pectin from Apples and Grapefruit in Strawberry Jam
Nicolle Brossard & Jennifer Morgan
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Introduction
• Utilize waste materials• Natural, no chemicals
added• Allows for a completely
organic product• Promotes fiber intake• Natural source of
sweetener
• Pectin is a soluble fiber• Reduce cholesterol• Delay emptying of stomach• Promotes fullness• Helps avoid blood sugar
spikes
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Background Information• Until early 1800’s, only options were pickling, salting, drying or
smoking food stuffs. They affected:– Taste, texture and nutritional value.
• French chef Nicolas Appert perfected his revolutionary bottling technique-Appert found that by enclosing provisions within a sealed bottle and boiling it, the food would keep indefinitely.
• 1860’s-canning was used for civil war soldiers• 1870’s-U.S. was lead exporter of canned goods• With the slow-food movement, organic food movement, and
increase in consumer demand for healthier food options compared to traditional commercial products.
![Introduction Utilize waste materials Natural, no chemicals added Allows for a completely organic product Promotes fiber intake Natural source of sweetener - [PPTX Powerpoint] (4) Introduction Utilize waste materials Natural, no chemicals added Allows for a completely organic product Promotes fiber intake Natural source of sweetener - [PPTX Powerpoint] (4)](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)
Hypothesis
Based on evaluation of acceptability (texture, taste, overall) and rheology, the strawberry jams made with pectin derived from apples
and grapefruit will be equivalent to the manufactured, store bought pectin keeping all
other variables the same.
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Methods• Extract Apple and Grapefruit Pectins• Prepare strawberries• Prepare jam • Reduce jam• Measure Results (objective and
subjective)
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Extracting Apple Pectin
• Apple– Granny smith apples– Cut apples into 1” cubes
with peel and seeds (approx 2 quarts)– Add enough water to cover– Boil until soft and mushy, ~1 hour– Strain with
cheesecloth
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Extracting Grapefruit Pectin
• Grapefruit– Peeled the rind– Cut off white pith– Cut pith into ½” pieces (approx ½ Lb)– Soak in ¼ C lemon juice for 1 hour– Add 2 C water and boil for 1 hour– Strain with cheesecloth
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Strawberry Jam with Commercial Pectin• Wash strawberries and cut off hulls then pulse in food
processor.• Mix commercial pectin and lemon juice with strawberries
and boil mixture in a non reactive pot.• Add sugar and boil until the mixture reaches gel point• Remove top layer of film. • Can, process in water bath, and cool.
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Strawberry Jam with Apple & Grapefruit Pectin
• Allow pureed strawberries to macerate in sugar for 8 hours
• Repeat cooking process used for jam with commercial pectin
• Equal parts of apple pectin and strawberry mixture• Equal parts of grapefruit pectin and strawberry mixture
AppleGrapefruit
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Day 1 before reducing jam Day 2 after reducing jam
Apple
Grapefruit
Strawberry Jam with Apple & Grapefruit Pectin
![Introduction Utilize waste materials Natural, no chemicals added Allows for a completely organic product Promotes fiber intake Natural source of sweetener - [PPTX Powerpoint] (11) Introduction Utilize waste materials Natural, no chemicals added Allows for a completely organic product Promotes fiber intake Natural source of sweetener - [PPTX Powerpoint] (11)](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)
Complications & Variations• Creating the strawberry jam with apple and grapefruit
pectin required alterations to the control recipe.– Altering sugar, pectin, and lemon juice amounts to
create a gel• Loss of gel required reduction of strawberry jams with
apple and grapefruit pectin– Color change, flavor more concentrated in jam with
grapefruit pectin
C A G
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Objective Results
Type of Measurement
Commercial Pectin Jam
Apple Pectin Jam Grapefruit Pectin Jam
pH 3.5 3.0 2.5
Percent Sag 40% 40% 48%
Line Spread 5.62 5.25 8.5
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Comparing Apples and Oranges…or grapefruit
![Introduction Utilize waste materials Natural, no chemicals added Allows for a completely organic product Promotes fiber intake Natural source of sweetener - [PPTX Powerpoint] (14) Introduction Utilize waste materials Natural, no chemicals added Allows for a completely organic product Promotes fiber intake Natural source of sweetener - [PPTX Powerpoint] (14)](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)
Subjective Results
21%
63%
17%
Texture Preference
Commercial AppleGrapefruit
42%
46%
13%
Flavor Preference
Commercial AppleGrapefruit
46%
46%
8%
Overall Acceptability
Commercial AppleGrapefruit
![Introduction Utilize waste materials Natural, no chemicals added Allows for a completely organic product Promotes fiber intake Natural source of sweetener - [PPTX Powerpoint] (15) Introduction Utilize waste materials Natural, no chemicals added Allows for a completely organic product Promotes fiber intake Natural source of sweetener - [PPTX Powerpoint] (15)](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)
Implications & Conclusions• Pectin can be derived from natural sources and still create a
suitable product that compares to commercial products.• Added soluble fiber from the apple pectin & reduced sugar
can create a product that would be preferred over a commercial strawberry jam for diabetic or weight-conscious consumers.
• Grapefruit may interact with medications and may not be a suitable product for all potential consumers.
• Orange pectin is feasible as an alternative for a different flavor profile.
![Introduction Utilize waste materials Natural, no chemicals added Allows for a completely organic product Promotes fiber intake Natural source of sweetener - [PPTX Powerpoint] (16) Introduction Utilize waste materials Natural, no chemicals added Allows for a completely organic product Promotes fiber intake Natural source of sweetener - [PPTX Powerpoint] (16)](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)
References• Hinton, C. L. (January 01, 1940). The quantitative basis of pectin jelly formation
in relation to pH conditions. The Biochemical Journal, 34, 8-9.• Bennison, E. W., & Norris, F. W. (January 01, 1939). The pectic substances of
plants: The relation between jelly strength, viscosity and composition of various pectins. The Biochemical Journal, 33, 9, 1443-51.
• Lima, M.S., Paiva, E.P., Andrade, S.A.C., Paixao, J.A. Fruit pectins-A suitable tool for screening gelling properties using infrared spectroscopy. Food Hydrocolloids, Jan 2010, Issue 1, pg. 1-7.
• Sorensen, I., Pedersen, H. L., Willats, W.G.T., An array of possibilities for pectin. Carbohydrate research, Sep 2009, Issue 14, pg. 1872-1878.
• Carbonell, E., Costell, E. Duran, L. Fruit content influence on gel strength of strawberry and peach jams. Journal of food science, Sep 1991, Volume 56, Issue 5, pg. 1384-1387.
• Guichard, E., Issanchou, S., Descourvieres, A., Etievant, P. Pectin concentration, molecular weight, and degree of esterification: Influence on volatile composition and sensory characteristics of strawberry jam. Journal of food science. Nov 1991, Volume 56, Issue 6, pg. 1621-1627.
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Questions ?
FAQs
Fiber affects the rate of digestion of foods, the absorption of nutrients, and the move- ment of waste products (stool) through the colon. It also provides a substrate for beneficial intestinal bacteria. Dietary fiber includes water-soluble and insoluble types, which have different func- tions in the body.
Why is it important to get adequate fiber from whole foods? ›
A high-fiber diet may lower your risk of developing hemorrhoids and small pouches in your colon (diverticular disease). Studies have also found that a high-fiber diet likely lowers the risk of colorectal cancer. Some fiber is fermented in the colon.
What is the role of fiber in the human diet? ›
Fibre is made up of the indigestible parts or compounds of plants, which pass relatively unchanged through our stomach and intestines. Fibre is mainly a carbohydrate. The main role of fibre is to keep the digestive system healthy.
What happens if you have too little fiber in your diet? ›
If you are not getting enough fiber through your diet, your body will exhibit clear warning signs like constipation and hemorrhoids.
What fibers do to your body? ›
Eating enough fiber can prevent or relieve constipation, helping waste to move smoothly through the body. It also encourages healthy gut microbiota. According to a 2015 review, dietary fiber increases the bulk of stool, helps promote regular bowel movements, and reduces the time that waste spends inside the intestines.
Which fiber is best for gut health? ›
It's essential to get both kinds of fiber in your diet as they have a symbiotic relationship. Soluble fiber feeds and nourishes the gut microbiome, producing short-chain fatty acid butyrate, which bolsters gut health. Insoluble fiber acts as a broom, sweeping through the digestive tract and keeping things moving.
How long until fiber makes you poop? ›
This is because everybody's digestive system functions at a different pace. However, it generally takes around 24 hours from increasing your dietary fiber intake to have a successful bowel movement. But keep in mind that it may take more or less time for some people.
Does fiber help you lose weight? ›
Soluble fiber helps keep your gut bacteria healthy and promotes overall fat loss by reducing your appetite. To further promote belly fat loss, combine your soluble fiber intake with other lifestyle changes, such as making healthier food choices and exercising more.
What food is the highest in fiber? ›
Drink fluids.
Legumes, nuts and seeds | Serving size (grams) | Total fiber (grams)* |
---|
Split peas, boiled | 1 cup (196) | 16.0 |
Lentils, boiled | 1 cup (198) | 15.5 |
Black beans, boiled | 1 cup (172) | 15.0 |
Cannellini, Navy, Great Northern beans, canned | 1 cup (180) | 13 |
4 more rows
Do humans need fiber in their diet? ›
Fiber is important for the health of the digestive system and for lowering cholesterol.
Excessive doses of some minerals may also cause problems for example: At just 5 times the RDI, zinc, iron, chromium and selenium can be raised to toxic levels in the body. Large intakes of fluoride (especially in childhood) may stain, and even weaken, the teeth.
Why do we need fiber? ›
There is strong evidence that eating plenty of fibre (commonly referred to as roughage) is associated with a lower risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and bowel cancer. Choosing foods with fibre also makes us feel fuller, while a diet rich in fibre can help digestion and prevent constipation.
Are bananas ok for a low-fiber diet? ›
Raw fruits you can have are very ripe apricots, bananas and cantaloupe, honeydew melon, watermelon, nectarines, papayas, peaches, and plums. Avoid all other raw fruit. Avoid canned and raw pineapple, fresh figs, berries, all dried fruits, fruit seeds, and prunes and prune juice.
What happens to your bowels if you eat too much fiber? ›
Too much fiber can cause symptoms such as bloating, gas, and constipation. In rare cases, it can cause intestinal blockage. Fluids, exercise, and dietary changes may help the body manage more fiber. Dietary guidelines suggest a person should eat around 14 grams (g) of fiber for every 1,000 calories they consume.
Are bananas high in fiber? ›
Rich in several important vitamins and minerals, bananas are also relatively high in fiber, with one medium banana containing about 3.1 grams of this nutrient ( 1 ). Fiber has long been recommended by health professionals to help prevent and relieve constipation ( 2 , 3 ).
Does fiber slow down or speed up digestion? ›
Helps Better Absorb Nutrients
As fiber slows down the digestion process, it allows your body to absorb more nutrients from the food passing through. If you're low in specific vitamins or minerals, add more nutrition to your diet that includes those minerals along with some fiber.
Why should we eat fiber if we can't digest it? ›
Though most carbohydrates are broken down into sugar molecules called glucose, fiber cannot be broken down into sugar molecules, and instead it passes through the body undigested. Fiber helps regulate the body's use of sugars, helping to keep hunger and blood sugar in check.
What are the important benefits of fiber? ›
Fiber is an essential part of a healthy diet. High fiber diets have been linked to health benefits such as improved metabolism and heart health. However, as little as 5% of the U.S. population consumes the recommended level of fiber.
Does fiber clean your colon? ›
When you eat whole grains rich in insoluble fiber, it moves faster through your intestines, which can help signal that you are full. Fiber cleans your colon, acting like a scrub brush. The scrub-brush effect of fiber helps clean out bacteria and other buildup in your intestines, and reduces your risk for colon cancer.